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Varieties of wool for wallowing

Wool is a unique natural material, the only one with a rollability that allows its fibers to intertwine, and then to connect and contract with mechanical influence at a certain temperature and humidity. There are two main types of fibers: natural and synthetic (chemical).

Natural fibers, created by nature itself, without human participation. Natural fibers can be animal fibers based on proteins – wool, mohair, alpaca, cashmere, vicuna, camel wool, angora and silk; and plant-based fibers based on pulp – cotton, flax, rami, sisal, hemp and jute.

Synthetic fibers are produced by chemical synthesis of polymers, i.e. the creation of complex molecular structures from simpler, most often from oil and coal processing products. These are polyamide, polyester, polyurethane fibers, as well as polyacrylonitrill (PAN), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinylspirt, polyolephin.

Animal fibers

Merino wool, it turns out to be cut with the withers of the merino sheep. This coat is elastic, long, soft and warm, is able to keep volume and shape for a long time, and thanks to the natural curl is particularly elastic and therefore in high demand.

Merinos are: thin-browned with tonic 16-20 microns, medium-sized with tonic fiber 19-24 microns, coarse with tonic fiber 21-27 microns, extra-rough-haired with tonic fiber 26-30 microns. However, the thickness of wool does not affect its noble properties: the high quality of the rune is inherent in all types of sheep-merino.

Merino wool for wallowing is ideal for all methods of wallowing.

Angora wool is very soft to the touch with the characteristic soft pile, which give us angora rabbits. Products made of Angora wool create a unique comfort and therefore are very popular and in demand.

Rolling out of angora requires additional perseverance and patience, as the fragile consolidation of the fluff can lead to rapid erasure of tissue and the formation of holes. Angora is not recommended to wet.

Only dry cleaning is recommended for the subsequent cleaning of angora products.

Angora wool is recommended for dry wallowing.

Cashmere is a down (pull) of a mountain goat, plucked or hand-combed in spring during its molting. In a year 1 goat brings only 100-200 grams of fluff. The region of these goats is Pakistan, China, Mongolia. The harsher the climate in the country, the better the undercoat, and the more it is.

Cashmere was called the fiber of kings, because in addition to its softness, low allergenicity, and weightlessness, it is also warm. Cashmere is 8 times warmer than sheep's wool! Cashmere products are very light and pleasant to the touch. The quality cashmere fiber is about 16 microns.

Cashmere is suitable for all the ways of wallowing.

Moher – wool of Angor goats. The native country of the Angora goats is the Turkish province of Angora, from where they got their name. Therefore, sometimes the mohair is called angora. This is the most durable of all wool fibers.

Runo of angora goats homogeneous, usually white, with a strong shine, consists of a transitional hair (own mohair) and a short ness (camp), which must be removed. The mohair is easily stained and looks quite natural, because its natural brilliance after staining does not disappear.

Moher is divided into three types:

– Kid mohair (thin fiber, 23-27 microns) is the wool of the first haircut of a goat in his life (the age of the goat up to 6 months). The coat is very soft and thin. Kid Mohair of the highest choice quality is called Super Kid. It is used to make expensive fabrics, because they are obtained in very small quantities.

– Goating Mohair, obtained by cutting a goat under the age of 2 years. Soft and thin wool.

– Adult Mohair (thicker fiber 30 microns), it is rougher than the previous ones. This wool is used in the production of outerwear.

Moher is suitable for all ways of wallowing.

Alpaca or Paco (Auchenia Raso) is a species of American llama. It is a gentle, graceful and intelligent animal with a long neck, grown to produce warm and luxurious wool. Alpacas live in extreme climatic conditions, where there are temperature changes from -20 to 18 degrees during the day. To survive in such conditions, alpacas have a special coat: light, thin, soft and at the same time so dense as not to let water.

Alpaca wool (25-27 microns) – rather rough compared to a thin merino, contain small curls.

The wool of the alpaca is very fluffy, pleasant to the touch, sturdy, (3 times stronger than sheep), lighter, warmer (7 times warmer than sheep) and more durable than sheep. Fabrics from alpaca wool are resistant to drying and pulling, wool is not prone to rolling and falling, rack to pollution and does not cause allergic reactions. The finished products of alpaca wool are resistant to moisture and have anti-static properties. At the same time it has a beautiful silk sheen and the softest vulture. The wool of the alpaca isolates both from the cold and from the heat, which makes it comfortable in any season (it is warm in the cold and not hot in the heat).

In addition, in the wool of the Alpaca completely absent lanolin and other organic fats, so that the wool becomes lighter and weightless, as well as it lacks dust mites, which makes it also hypoallergenic.

There are two species of Alpaca in nature: Suri (Suri) and Huacaya (Wakaya). Animals differ only in the appearance of wool. At the alpaca Wakaika wool is like a teddy bear, and Suri's coat hangs long pigtails.

The natural color of the alpacas has the largest range of colors in nature (more than 22 shades), which vary from burgundy to brown, from gray to black, from white to cream, providing a wide variety in creativity and scenery.

Suitable for all kinds of wallowing.Just as well suited for wallowing as an additive, has an increased penetrating property. Felt with the addition of alpacas – textured, durable, due to different shrinkage of fibers can achieve an unusual decorative effect.

Camel wool comes to us from Tibet, Persia, Mongolia, Iraq and Afghanistan. It is obtained from East Asian camels, which have an excellent thin and soft coat, which protects them from strong temperature changes (from 40 to – 50 degrees). Wool is combed from young non-working camels once every five years. That's what makes it pretty rare.

Camel wool is quite thin, soft and has pleasant curls. Camel hair has a scaly structure and hollow inside, making the wool very light. High hygroscopic wool, contributes to the absorption of a large amount of moisture.

Camel wool products are very resistant to pollution. Also, camel wool has an interesting property to remove static and nervous tension. Products from camel wool have a therapeutic effect and are recommended to people suffering from circulatory disorders and diseases of the musculoskeletal system. The contact of wool with the naked body has a rejuvenating effect on the skin, making it more elastic and elastic.

Natural shades of camel wool from light beige to brown. It is not colored.

Suitable for wet and dry wallowing. Not suitable for the technique of nuno-felting.

Yak's coat.Yak is a Tibetan bull with a long shaggy coat hanging almost up to the ground and living in the Himalayas, Tibet, Nepal and Mongolia. The wool is combed once a year.

Yak wool is distinguished by its unique ability to keep warm, with a decrease in the difference between body temperature and air temperature. The coat is very soft, light and hygroscopic, also has a good fit, perfectly stretches and is resistant to crumpling. Yak pooh in its structure is similar to human hair, so products from such wool are very comfortable to use.

Wool is an environmentally friendly product of natural origin, has the ability to relieve pain, it is hypoallergenic and durable, because it is very strong and unpretentious when wearing.

Natural shades of yak wool – gray, dark gray and brown. Like camel wool, the down of the Tibetan yak defies staining.

Perfect for creating soft garments.

Silk is classified as a group of fibers of animal origin, because it has a protein structure. Silk is a physiological fiber similar to the chemical composition of a person's hair. In adulthood, from the spinning glands located in front of the head of the mulberry silkworm, a protein liquid is released, which in contact with the air hardens, turning into a filamentous fiber from which the caterpillar builds a cocoon around itself. The length of 1 continuous fila(600 – 1500 m. After the caterpillar has s finished the cocoon, it is unwinded, the caterpillar dies. Wild silkworms produce rather coarse fibers, unlike domesticated fibers, which feed exclusively on mulberry leaves and produce the finest, very smooth fibers.

The silk thread is very strong, but not elastic, so knitted silk products are slightly stretched at the sock. Silk has excellent thermal insulating properties. Silk has a pleasant shine, is well stained, but prone to fading.

Mulberry silk is the highest quality silk made from strands of mulberry silkworm, grown artificially, with all the necessary conditions. The process of obtaining mulberry silk is manual, without the use of chemical compounds. Silk has a white color with pearly sheen. The rich color palette of silk fibers gives unlimited opportunities to create bold and unusual design solutions.

Silk for tussah, tussore (Tussa, tussar) – the common name of various species of wild silk, which is produced by peacock-eyed butterflies – Antheraea. Caterpillars of peacock-eyed develop on the leaves of different breeds of oak, willow, birch, hazel and other forest trees, so the color palette of silk fibers is very rich (shades of cream, beige, brown and golden colors). The fibers are soft and shiny.

Silk itself is not lying around. It is used for decorating in the technique of wet wallowing and nuno-felting, because it falls well to the wool. In the process of wallowing wool sits down, but silk is not – due to this are brilliant wave-like motifs.

Vegetable fibers

Viscose (from Latin viscosus – gooey) – the most natural of all artificial fibers and the very first. Its production began in the late nineteenth century. Viscosa is made from wood and plant pulp, obtained by the method of pressing, so it is called "wood silk". The natural color of viscose fiber is milky white, but it is easy to paint.

Viscosa – a fairly strong fiber in a dry state. It is pleasant to the touch, hygroscopic, breathable. It should also be noted that viscose does not accumulate static electricity.

Viscosa goes well with other types of wool, and in some combinations can even improve the quality of wool, such as the combination of viscose with cotton: adding it to the cotton yarn increases the rate of absorption of moisture, which cotton is small.

The disadvantages of viscose fiber include its mild memory, insufficient resistance to the ishneading and a significant loss of strength in the wet state. It is best to wash things out of pure viscose by hand, using a soft cleaner.

Suitable for all kinds of wallowing.

Cotton ( Cotton) – fiber derived from boxes of cotton, a year-old heat-loving shrub plant, height of 1-1.5 m – plants of the genus Gossypium. Cotton fiber is one of the most famous and common textile fibers since antiquity. Cotton is grown in warm climates around the world. There are many types of cotton, the thinnest and softest – Egyptian, seaside and cotton "pima".

Cotton fibers are thin, soft and fluffy. Have a matte effect. Fiber is somewhat twisted around its axis. The natural color of cotton is white with a light creamy hue. All types of cotton have anti-allergenic properties. Cotton quickly absorbs moisture and dries just as quickly, which gives the products a cooling effect. Due to the fact that in wet condition cotton is much stronger than in dry, it is easy to wash without resorting to special means, so necessary in the care of animal fibers. Cotton is characterized by relatively high strength, chemical resistance (it is not destroyed for a long time under the influence of water and light). However, cotton is not as elastic as wool, so it is prone to pulling. Cotton's resistance to the styrization is small.

The cotton itself is not way.This fiber is used in a wet wallow to create a spectacular texture or pattern on the wool. Some cotton yarns are mixed with a small amount of synthetic fibers, which increases elasticity and reduces the thickness of the filament. Cotton is also often mixed with wool to produce a softer warm yarn.

Tensel is a natural viscose fiber, which is obtained from the wood mass of eucalyptus. This mass is dissolved in a solvent and passed through small holes, forming thin fibers, but strong in quality. Tencel is an American commercial name and it was first introduced to the market in 1991.

By all qualities Tensel corresponds to silk. Thin soft, smooth fiber, white with a brilliant shade…. Its main property is naturalness and hippo-energy. This fiber is warm as wool and is more elastic and hygroscopic than cotton.

Tensel itself is not rolled, it is used in combination with various types of wool in the techniques of wet wallowing and nuno-felting for decorating products.

Soy fiber – created on the basis of processing plant proteins of soybeans. In its natural form, the soy fiber has a delicate cream pastel color. Easily painted in other colors, just as easily amenable to bleaching. Very soft, thin, shiny, outwardly similar to silk fiber. When wallowing gives a beautiful wavy pattern.

The soy fiber fabric has a soft, pleasant texture. It is warm, like cashmere and wool. Soy fibers are able to absorb moisture many times faster than cotton and evaporate it just as quickly, allowing the skin to breathe. Numerous studies have also shown that amino acids, which are included in the composition of soy fibers, have a good effect on the skin and the human body as a whole. Due to the content of organic substances, this tissue prevents premature aging of the skin. In addition, soy fiber has antibacterial characteristics, its use helps to reduce inflammation on the skin.

Soybean fiber itself does not fall off, is used to decorate felt-overs in the techniques of wet wallowing and nuno-felting. Soy is a luxurious fiber that gives elegance to the product. The finished product looks like silk.

Algae or Seacell – fiber derived from the active substances of seaweed and containing brown algae.

Seacell fiber is hypoallergenic, has a soft golden-cream color with a pronounced shine. Seacell's work resembles silk. In the process of wallowing, these fibers give an interesting wavy pattern and a pronounced shine. The curls are more even than when using silk.

Seacell itself is not wailed, is used in combination with various types of wool in the techniques of wet wallowing and nuno-felting for decorating felt products.

Milk Protein Fiber – This is an environmentally friendly fiber that is obtained during the processing of casein milk protein.

This fiber is very durable and has a beautiful milk color. Soft, thin to the touch, similar to viscose and having a sheen fiber in its chemical composition close to the fibers of wool. PhO milk fiber is the same as a human PH, and contains seventeen amino acids. It is a natural moisturizer for the skin. When in regular contact with the skin, makes it tender and smooth.

In itself does not fall, but well falls to the wool, so it is used in combination with other types of wool in the techniques of wet wallowing and nuno-felting for decorating products. In the process of wallowing gives a beautiful curl and silk shine.

Len (Flax) for wallowing – lubok fiber, derived from the stems of the flax-dolgun. The fiber fabric of the linen is located between the wood stem and its outer shell. The flax fibers are glued together and are arranged by separate beams – strands. The strands of fiber, 30 to 75 cm long, are made up of cylindrical cells.

The flax fibers are long and smooth, from creamy white to grey-beige with a soft sheen. The thickness of the fibers is quite large and the fiber is very strong. Very easy to mine, but also easy to paint, without losing silkiness.

Perfect for nuno-felting, wet wallowing and wet folding.It is also used for rolling toys.

Nettles (Ramie) – Rami – This is a perennial grassy shrub of the nettle family, native to East Asia. The production of fiber rami of various products has traditionally been common in China and Japan. Europe met them for the first time during the reign of Elizabeth I, when delicate fabrics from Chinese nettles were brought to England. The Netherlands brought similar nettle fabrics from the island of Java (Netel-Dock), which bore the name "batistes" in France. In Holland, the Indian rami even made canvases.

Nettle fibers resemble flax. These are thin, long fibers (their length reaches up to 50cm), pleasant to the touch, with a silky sheen. The brilliance of the fiber rami resembles silk. The fibers of the frame are of white color, but are easy to color and after coloring does not lose its luster. Painted fibers do not shed or burn out.

It is a solid, resistant to fiber.Perfect for nuno-felting and wet wallowing.

Hemp (Sapnabis sativ) is a genus of annual fibrous plants, which grows very quickly and reaches a height of up to 3 meters. Hemp fiber, located in a lubok layer, is called hemp (puff).

Hemp fiber is rougher than flax fibers or nettles. Hemp fibers are very thin, soft and silky. Have a creamy hue and a faint matte shine.

Hemp fiber itself is not woven, but it is very well and quickly fall to wool and is therefore used to create interesting decorative solutions on wool, as an additive.

Fiber corn.Corn (corn Ingeo) is a recently appeared on the market fiber, which is extracted from resin sucrose plants. According to numerous laboratory studies, maize fiber is one of the most hypoallergenic natural materials.

The fiber of corn to the touch is similar to flax. It is a very long, silky, quite strong fiber, having a faint matte shine. Corn fiber is resistant to pollution. And the elasticity and elasticity of this natural material allow products to quickly return their shape even after severe deformations.

The corn fiber itself is not watered.Perfect for decorating products in a wet wallowing technique.

Banana fiber – created on the basis of processing the pulp of a banana tree. The trunk is cut, the green-brown bark is cleaned, the pulp is dried, then the fibers are broken down and tied into nodules. To the touch of banana threads like silk, soft, smooth and with a brilliant efforable.

This light and durable fiber, silky, has a pleasant soft shine. Banana fiber in its characteristics, color and properties is very similar to bamboo fibers. When edging gives beautiful waves and bends.

In itself, banana fiber is not boiled, it is used in combination with different types of wool.Perfect for nuno-felting and decorating products in the technique of wet wallowing.

Bamboo fiber (Bamboo) is a plant-based viscose that is derived from raw bamboo pulp. This fiber in its natural form has a pale yellow color, akin to banana pulp. It is easy to color in other colors without losing its qualities.

In subtlety, banana fiber resembles viscose, and has a high strength. Another of the distinctive qualities of bamboo fiber is its antibacterial properties. "Scientists have found that bamboo fibers have a special antibacterial substance called "bambu ban." Even after fifty washes, bamboo tissue remains antibacterial and stops bacterial growth."

Bamboo fiber – great for nuno-felting and decorating products in wet folding technique. When piled to wool gives a soft and beautiful wave.

Synthetic fibers

Acrylic fibers.A group of acrylic synthetic fibers was created to produce softness and volume, which are lacking in polyamide. Acrylic (short designation PA) in its properties is very similar to natural wool, but does not have its insulating properties.

Acrylic fibers have a fairly high strength and relatively large stretchability (22 – 35%). Due to low hygroscopicity, these properties do not change in wet condition. So have maximum light resistance. They are inert to pollutants, so products from them are easy to clean.

The fiber itself is strong, rigid, resistant to coloring. The content of additives varies depending on the type of fiber. Like nylon, acrylic is often mixed with natural fibers. You should use extreme caution to steam acrylic products.

Suitable for any kind of wallowing.

Nylon is a very strong textile fiber, wear-resistant, lightweight and elastic. Polyamide fibers can be twisted in texture, others are processed to create elastic yarn.

Nylon fibers are used in wet wallowing to create interesting decorative solutions on felt. Nylon fibers have a strong shine. They are well-infused and do not require the upper, "fixing" layer of wool, in addition, it creates an increase in the strength of natural wool fibers.

Nylon is perfectly colored with dyes designed for wool and silk. Nylon fibers are sensitive to heating, so ironing of such products requires extreme caution. They are also unstable to the effects of light – (yellow and become rigid and subsequently brittle).

Nylon itself is not edifying.It can only serve as a decor on felt, as well as silk, and other fibers!